Insights
Articles on securing industrial control systems, written by someone who designs them.
- IEC 62443 zones and conduits, explained for plant managers What a zone and a conduit are, how to draw them on a real plant, and the mistakes that make a zone diagram worthless.
- NIS2 for operators of industrial control systems What changes for OT, the first steps, how NIS2 relates to IEC 62443, and the bodies to know in Germany and Israel.
- Why OT attacks send valid commands, and how to tell a human from a script The HMI-command problem, why firewalls and network monitoring miss it, and how SPARTA approaches it.
Each article draws on twenty years of designing control systems and on the OT security work described in the projects. If one of them matches a question you have about your own plant, a first call is free.